Chronic pelvic pain, heavy periods, and fertility issues are common gynecological concerns but two conditions often confused with each other are adenomyosis and endometriosis. While they may share symptoms, they are distinct disorders requiring different diagnostic and treatment approaches.
In this detailed guide, Dr. Balaji Nalwad Reddy, a leading gynecologist and laparoscopic surgeon in Aundh, Pune, explains the key differences between adenomyosis and endometriosis, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and modern treatment options.
What Is Adenomyosis?
Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial tissue (uterine lining) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). This causes the uterus to become enlarged and leads to painful Periods, heavy menstrual bleeding.
Common Symptoms of Adenomyosis
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Severe menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Pain during intercourse
- Enlarged or tender uterus
- Fatigue due to anemia
Adenomyosis is most commonly seen in women aged 35–50 years, especially those who have had previous childbirth.
What Is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, commonly affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic lining, and sometimes the intestines or bladder.
Common Symptoms of Endometriosis
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Painful periods that worsen over time
- Pain during or after intercourse
- Difficulty conceiving
- Pain during bowel movements or urination (during periods)
- Lower back pain
Endometriosis can affect women of any reproductive age and is a leading cause of infertility.
Causes and Risk Factors
Adenomyosis Causes
Exact cause of Endometriosis & Adenomyosis is still unclear but apart from genetic predisposition few suggested causes are
- Hormonal imbalance (estrogen dominance)
- Prior uterine surgeries (C-section, D&C)
- Inflammation of the uterine lining
Endometriosis Causes
- Retrograde menstruation
- Coelomic metaplasia
- Immune system dysfunction
- Hormonal imbalance
Both conditions are estrogen-dependent, meaning symptoms may improve after menopause.
How Are These Conditions Diagnosed?
Adenomyosis Diagnosis
- Pelvic examination
- Transvaginal ultrasound
- MRI pelvis (gold standard for confirmation)
Endometriosis Diagnosis
- Clinical evaluation
- Imaging (ultrasound, MRI for deep disease)
- Diagnostic laparoscopy (definitive diagnosis and treatment)
According to Dr. Balaji Nalwad Reddy, early and accurate diagnosis significantly improves long-term outcomes, especially for women planning pregnancy.
Treatment Options for Adenomyosis and Endometriosis
Treatment depends on age, symptom severity, fertility goals, and disease extent.
Dietary modifications ( Gluten free, avoid alcohol – fast food )
Healthy food – high protein, antioxidant
Yoga / meditation
Exercise
Counselling of Husband and other family members regarding her sufferings
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Pain relief medications
- Hormonal therapy (oral contraceptives, progestins)
- Hormonal IUD
- GnRH analogs
These options help manage symptoms but may not cure the condition.
Advanced Surgical Treatments
- Laparoscopic excision of endometriosis
- Conservative surgery to preserve fertility
- Hysterectomy (for severe adenomyosis when family is complete)
Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery offers faster recovery, less pain, and better precision.
Can Adenomyosis and Endometriosis Occur Together?
Yes. Many women suffer from both conditions simultaneously, making symptoms more severe and diagnosis challenging. A specialist with expertise in advanced laparoscopy is essential for comprehensive management.
Fertility and Pregnancy Considerations
- Endometriosis can significantly reduce fertility by affecting ovaries and fallopian tubes.
- Adenomyosis may increase the risk of miscarriage and implantation failure.
Timely treatment, fertility-preserving surgery, and individualized care plans improve the chances of conception.
Why Choose Expert Care in Aundh, Pune?
Managing complex gynecological conditions requires experience, precision, and compassion. Dr. Balaji Nalwad Reddy is known for:
- Expertise in advanced laparoscopic gynecology
- Evidence-based treatment protocols
- Patient-centered care
- High success rates in pain relief and fertility outcomes
Women in Aundh, Pune, and nearby areas trust his clinical excellence for long-term relief and improved quality of life.
When Should You See a Specialist?
Consult a gynecologist if you experience:
- Severe or worsening period pain
- Heavy menstrual bleeding affecting daily life
- Difficulty conceiving
- Chronic pelvic pain
Early intervention can prevent complications and improve outcomes.
Final Thoughts
While adenomyosis and endometriosis share similar symptoms, they are distinct conditions requiring different approaches. Accurate diagnosis, expert evaluation, and personalized treatment are the keys to effective management.
If you’re experiencing symptoms or seeking clarity, consult an experienced gynecologist in Aundh, Pune, for the right diagnosis and care.
